Textus Originalis
PRAEFATIO.
XIII 109, 1 τοὺς μισθοφόρους κατέλεξεν εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον XVII 39, 3 ἄλλους ἐπιλεγόμενος εἰς στρατιωτικὰς τάξεις κατέγραφεν. Damnanda ergo est forma στρατεία, quamquam eam omnes tuentur codices, etiam his locis*): XIII 97, 1 κατέγραφον τοὺς εὐθέτους εἰς τὴν στρατείαν XV 61, 4 κατέλεγε τοὺς εἰς τὴν στρατείαν εὐθέτους XVI 28, 1 τοὺς εὐθέτους κατέλεγεν εἰς τὴν στρατείαν. — Similis inconstantia comparet in multis aliis vocibus, veluti: δυστραπέλεια — δυστραπελία, φιλονεικία — φιλονικία, λειπ — λιπ, inprimis in nominibus propriis: Αἰθαλία, Μολυκρία, Γύθιον etc. Item maxime in nominibus commutantur αι et ε (ut Αἰγεσταῖοι, Θυραία), unde falsa vulgata lectio XI 65, 2 τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν Νεμαῖον (edit. Νεμεαῖον) nata est pro τῶν Νεμέων, quod P servavit.**) Hinc ortus est etiam error codicis P XI 27, 1 ἦσαν δὲ πᾶσαι νῆες pro ἦσαν δ᾿ αἱ πᾶσαι νῆες, idemque error ceterorum codicum XI 3, 7 νῆες δὲ σύμπασαι: lege νῆες δ᾿ αἱ σύμπασαι. Deinde vix opus est memorare saepe η pro ι poni et versa vice ι pro η, quod vitium nusquam magis quam in verbis οἰκησ- et οἰκισ- increbuit. Huc spectat etiam adverbium biforme ἐθελοντί [ἐθελοντή P XI 3, 3
*) Quare me paenitet retinuisse II 5, 7 κατέγραψαν τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους εἰς τὴν στρατείαν, ubi F praebet στρατιάν. **) Cf. XIX 64, 1 τὸν τῶν Νεμέων ἀγῶνα, qui verborum ordo XI 65, 2 inversus est, ne propter sequentem vocalem hiatus efficeretur.
Traduzione
English — scholarly
ARETHE Knowledge Engineering DivisionPREFACE.
XIII 109, 1 τοὺς μισθοφόρους κατέλεξεν εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον XVII 39, 3 ἄλλους ἐπιλεγόμενος εἰς στρατιωτικὰς τάξεις κατέγραφεν. Therefore, the form στρατεία is to be condemned, although all manuscripts support it, even in these places*): XIII 97, 1 κατέγραφον τοὺς εὐθέτους εἰς τὴν στρατείαν XV 61, 4 κατέλεγε τοὺς εἰς τὴν στρατείαν εὐθέτους XVI 28, 1 τοὺς εὐθέτους κατέλεγεν εἰς τὴν στρατείαν. — Similar inconsistency appears in many other words, such as: δυστραπέλεια — δυστραπελία, φιλονεικία — φιλονικία, λειπ — λιπ, especially in proper names: Αἰθαλία, Μολυκρία, Γύθιον etc. Likewise, αι and ε are most often interchanged in names (such as Αἰγεσταῖοι, Θυραία), whence arose the false vulgate reading at XI 65, 2 τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν Νεμαῖον (ed. Νεμεαῖον) for τῶν Νεμέων, which P preserved.**) From this also arose the error of codex P at XI 27, 1 ἦσαν δὲ πᾶσαι νῆες for ἦσαν δ᾿ αἱ πᾶσαι νῆες, and the same error in the other codices at XI 3, 7 νῆες δὲ σύμπασαι: read νῆες δ᾿ αἱ σύμπασαι. Then, it is scarcely necessary to mention that η is often placed for ι and vice versa, a fault which spread nowhere more than in the words οἰκησ- and οἰκισ-. To this also pertains the double adverb ἐθελοντί [ἐθελοντή P XI 3, 3
*) Wherefore I regret having retained at II 5, 7 κατέγραψαν τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους εἰς τὴν στρατείαν, where F offers στρατιάν. **) Cf. XIX 64, 1 τὸν τῶν Νεμέων ἀγῶνα, which word order at XI 65, 2 is inverted, lest hiatus be caused by the following vowel.
Commentario Arethe
στρατία vs. στρατεία — pronunciation-based corruption
Vogel identifies a systematic sound-change error in all manuscripts: the confusion of στρατιά ('army') with στρατεία ('campaign/expedition'). In Hellenistic and later Greek, ι and ει were pronounced identically (both as /i/), a phenomenon called iotacism. This means scribes could not distinguish these words by ear and frequently interchanged them. Vogel demonstrates through contextual analysis (verbs of 'enrolling into' take στρατιάν, not στρατείαν) that the correct form can be restored, even when all manuscripts agree on the wrong reading. This is emendation against the unanimous tradition — justified by linguistic knowledge.